What tests should women aged 30 or older undergo during their first physical examination?

As women enter their 30s, their bodies enter a new phase, and their metabolism begins to slow down. Coupled with unhealthy lifestyle and dietary habits common in Hong Kong, many women over 30 experience a rise in health risks, such as cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and breast disease. For women aged 30 and above, regular comprehensive physical examinations are crucial for early detection of potential health problems. This article focuses on five key examination items and precautions for women aged 30 and above during their first physical examination, helping them gain a deeper understanding of the different types of physical examinations.

1. Mammography

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women in Hong Kong. According to a report, in 2021, 28.5% of women diagnosed with cancer developed breast cancer, with a significantly higher incidence rate among women over 30 years of age¹. A mammogram is an imaging examination that uses X-rays to check for abnormalities in breast tissue. It can help detect abnormalities in breast tissue at an early stage, including lumps and cysts. Women aged 30 and above are advised to have a mammogram annually during their physical examinations to aid in the early detection and treatment of breast cancer.

Precautions before mammography:

• Before a physical examination, avoid using products containing fragrances, such as lotions, perfumes, antiperspirants, talcum powder, and moisturizing creams, as these can cause calcification-like spots to appear on the images and affect the examination results.

• You will need to remove your shirt during the physical examination, so it is recommended to wear loose, comfortable, and easy-to-remove clothing on the day of the examination.

• Avoid wearing jewelry or valuables.

• Women may experience breast tenderness or swelling before or during their menstrual period. It is recommended to wait 7 to 14 days after menstruation before undergoing an examination.

• Mammography is not recommended during pregnancy. Women who are pregnant or suspect they are pregnant should avoid this examination.

• This physical examination usually does not require fasting, but it is recommended to avoid caffeinated beverages such as coffee, cola and chocolate, as caffeine may make breast tissue overly sensitive.

2. Whole-body imaging diagnostic examination

For women, whole-body imaging examinations are beneficial for detecting potential diseases, especially imaging of the upper body (chest and abdomen), such as examinations of the heart, lungs, and digestive tract. Whole-body imaging is convenient and simple, and medical teams often use it for preliminary screening and medical diagnosis, generally taking no more than 15 minutes, depending on the specific body part being examined.

Precautions before whole-body imaging diagnostic examination:

• If you are pregnant or suspect you are pregnant, please inform your doctor before the examination.

• Before having an X-ray, you should remove all metal items from your body, such as watches, necklaces, and metal buckles.

• You will need to change into a gown during the physical examination, so it is recommended that you wear comfortable clothing on the day of the examination.

• Please tell your doctor about your physical condition, medical history, and any suspected illnesses.

3. Pelvic ultrasound examination

Ultrasound examination is a non-invasive diagnostic method that uses high-frequency sound waves to examine internal organs for abnormalities. Ultrasound examinations can help detect diseases such as uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, and liver tumors at an early stage.

Precautions before pelvic ultrasound examination:

• When undergoing this physical examination, avoid wearing bodysuits or tight-fitting clothing; comfortable, loose-fitting clothing is recommended.

• Before a pelvic ultrasound, you should avoid urinating. Your doctor may ask you to drink six glasses of water before the examination to keep your bladder full, which helps with the accuracy of the examination.

4. Cervical smear test

Besides breast cancer, another major cancer threat to women is cervical cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that women over 30 years of age include a Pap smear in their physical examinations. A Pap smear uses a scraper to collect cervical cells for examination; the process only takes a few minutes. Through Pap smears, precancerous lesions of the cervix can be detected early, reducing the incidence of cervical cancer.

Precautions before a Pap smear:

• Sexual activity, vaginal douching, and the use of vaginal suppositories should be avoided for 48 hours prior to this physical examination.

• It is not advisable to have a Pap smear during menstruation.

5. Calcium test

Calcium plays a vital role in the human body, not only ensuring healthy teeth and bones but also aiding in nerve conduction, muscle and blood vessel function, and maintaining heart function. Both calcium deficiency and excess can lead to various health problems. For example, calcium deficiency can cause insomnia, cramps, or palpitations; while excess calcium can cause fatigue, drowsiness, muscle stiffness, and weakness. Bone density in the human body reaches a stable peak around age 30. Women over 30 should include a calcium test in their first physical examination.

Precautions before calcium test:

Calcium testing only requires a blood test, and fasting usually begins 6 to 8 hours before the test.

Regular physical examinations for women not only help detect gynecological diseases early but also reduce the risk of various diseases, better protecting their health. The above examinations and instructions are for reference only; please consult your doctor for specific examination requirements. If you need a women's health check, Hong Kong Renhe Medical Examination Centre offers comprehensive physical examinations for women, and you can now make an appointment instantly by phone or website.

Disclaimer: This content is independently written by a third party and is provided for informational purposes only. It is not sponsored in any way, cannot replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, and treatment, and does not represent any position. If you experience any discomfort, it is recommended that you seek medical attention as soon as possible.